Bahrain

Country profile

CO2 emissions per person
24.3
t CO2/person/year · 2024
4th of 213 countries
Temperature anomaly
0.41
°C vs 1991-2020 · 2025
147th of 193 countries
Air pollution (PM2.5)
48.1
µg/m³ annual mean · 2024
10th of 241 countries
19402025

Bahrain in stripes: every year since 1940, blue cooler than the 1991-2020 average, red hotter.

The future under three scenarios

Temperature vs 1991-2020, observed and projected to 2100

051950200020502100Low · SSP1-2.6Middle · SSP2-4.5High · SSP5-8.5high 2021low 1983

Solid line: observed (Copernicus ERA5). Dashed lines: CMIP6 multi-model median under three IPCC emissions scenarios, anchored to the observed 2015-2024 average, from the World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal. Scenarios are futures the world can still choose between, not predictions.

Climate

CO2 emissions

39.0 Mt CO2/year · 2024
+172% since 199463rd highest of 215 · 2024
0204019401960198020002020

Carbon dioxide released each year from burning fossil fuels and industry. The main driver of global warming. Global Carbon Budget via Our World in Data

CO2 emissions per person

24.3 t CO2/person/year · 2024
-2.3% since 19944th highest of 213 · 2024
0204019401960198020002020high 1949

Each person's share of their country's yearly CO2 emissions. A fairer way to compare countries of very different sizes. Global Carbon Budget via Our World in Data

Temperature anomaly

0.41 °C vs 1991-2020 · 2025
+1.1 °C since 1995147th highest of 193 · 2025
-10119401960198020002020Worldhigh 2021low 1983

How much warmer or cooler a country's year was compared with its 1991-2020 average. Watch the map turn red as you move the slider towards today. Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5) via Our World in Data

Methane emissions

23.8 Mt CO2e/year · 2024
+25% since 199466th highest of 199 · 2024
010201850190019502000high 2020low 1909

Methane traps around 80 times more heat than CO2 over 20 years. It comes mainly from livestock, rice, landfill and leaky fossil fuel infrastructure. Global Carbon Project / PRIMAP via Our World in Data

All greenhouse gases

63.0 Mt CO2e/year · 2024
+88% since 199479th highest of 199 · 2024
02040601850190019502000

Every warming gas combined: CO2, methane and nitrous oxide, expressed as CO2-equivalents. Jones et al. / PRIMAP via Our World in Data

Nitrous oxide emissions

0.21 Mt CO2e/year · 2024
+118% since 1994161st highest of 201 · 2024
00.10.21850190019502000

N2O is nearly 300 times more warming than CO2 and comes mostly from fertilised farmland and livestock. Jones et al. / PRIMAP via Our World in Data

Consumption-based CO2

22.1 Mt CO2/year · 2023
+67% since 199381st highest of 120 · 2023
010201990200020102020high 2020low 1999

CO2 counted where goods are used rather than where they are made. Compare with production emissions to see who imports their footprint. Global Carbon Budget via Our World in Data

Energy

Energy use per person

164,933 kWh/person/year · 2023
+10% since 19934th highest of 216 · 2023
050k100k150k19801990200020102020high 1987

How much energy each person uses in a year, across electricity, transport, heating and industry. Energy Institute / Ember via Our World in Data

Solar electricity

0.26 % of electricity · 2024
+0.3 pp since 2000159th highest of 195 · 2024
00.10.220002005201020152020

The share of a country's electricity generated from solar panels. The fastest-growing energy source in history. Ember / Energy Institute via Our World in Data

Wind electricity

0.00 % of electricity · 2024
+0.0 pp since 2000106th highest of 193 · 2024
-10120002005201020152020

The share of a country's electricity generated from wind turbines, onshore and offshore. Ember / Energy Institute via Our World in Data

Coal electricity

0.00 % of electricity · 2024
+0.0 pp since 200081st highest of 194 · 2024
-10120002005201020152020

The share of electricity still generated by burning coal, the most polluting fuel. The number that must reach zero first. Ember / Energy Institute via Our World in Data

Oil electricity

0.00 % of electricity · 2024
+0.0 pp since 2000174th highest of 195 · 2024
01220002005201020152020high 2006

The share of a country's electricity generated by burning oil. Rare on big grids, still common on islands. Ember via Our World in Data

Gas electricity

99.7 % of electricity · 2024
-0.3 pp since 20002nd highest of 192 · 2024
05010020002005201020152020low 2006

The share of a country's electricity generated from natural gas, the least polluting fossil fuel but still a fossil fuel. Ember via Our World in Data

Land & Life

Forest area

5.53 % of land · 2025
+3.8 pp since 1995179th highest of 212 · 2025
01020301990200020102020World

How much of a country's land is covered by forest. FAO via Our World in Data

Deaths from natural disasters

0.00 deaths/year · 2021
89th highest of 194 · 2021
-10120002005201020152020

People killed by floods, storms, droughts, heatwaves, earthquakes and other disasters each year. Single events dominate single years. IHME Global Burden of Disease via Our World in Data

Red List Index

0.73 index (1 = species safe) · 2024
-9.9% since 1994199th highest of 244 · 2024
00.5200020102020

Tracks extinction risk across all assessed species. 1 means no species at risk; falling values mean wildlife sliding towards extinction. IUCN / SDG 15.5.1 via Our World in Data

Protected land

11.7 % of land area · 2024
-6.1 pp since 2013145th highest of 213 · 2024
051015201420162018202020222024World

The share of a country's land under legal protection for nature. The global 30x30 target aims for 30% by 2030. World Bank / UNEP-WCMC via Our World in Data

Meat supply per person

76.3 kg/person/year · 2023
-11% since 201951st highest of 176 · 2023
05020192020202120222023World

Meat available for consumption per person. Livestock drives around 15% of global emissions and most deforestation. FAO via Our World in Data

Nitrogen fertiliser use

15.5 kg N/ha of cropland · 2022
-69% since 1992129th highest of 198 · 2022
020040019801990200020102020high 2008

Nitrogen applied per hectare of cropland. It feeds half the world, but runoff chokes rivers and coastal seas. FAO via Our World in Data

Marine protected areas

21.4 % of territorial waters · 2024
+15 pp since 201326th highest of 174 · 2024
01020201420162018202020222024World

How much of a country's coastal waters are protected for nature. The global goal is 30% by 2030. UNEP-WCMC via Our World in Data

Urban population

100.0 % living in cities · 2025
+12 pp since 19951st highest of 236 · 2025
0501001960198020002020Worldhigh 2010

The share of people living in towns and cities. Urbanisation shapes energy use, land use and how people experience climate change. UN World Urbanization Prospects via Our World in Data

Water

Water stress

133.7 % of renewable resources withdrawn · 2022
-115 pp since 200010th highest of 179 · 2022
010020020002005201020152020Worldlow 2016

How much of a country's renewable freshwater is withdrawn each year. Above 25% counts as stressed; above 100% means drawing down reserves. FAO AQUASTAT (SDG 6.4.2) via Our World in Data

Renewable water per person

2.62 m³/person/year · 2022
-66% since 1992180th highest of 181 · 2022
05k10k198020002020World

Each person's share of the country's renewable freshwater. Below 1,700 m³ is water stress; below 1,000 m³ is scarcity. FAO AQUASTAT via Our World in Data

Safely managed drinking water

98.9 % of population · 2024
+0.2 pp since 200035th highest of 159 · 2024
05010020002005201020152020Worldhigh 2007

The share of people with safe drinking water at home, available when needed and free from contamination. WHO/UNICEF JMP via Our World in Data

Annual precipitation

42.6 mm/year · 2025
-74% since 1995188th highest of 192 · 2025
05001k19401960198020002020Worldhigh 1964low 1941

Total rain and snow that fell over a country in a year, averaged across its land area. Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5) via Our World in Data

Rainfall anomaly

-26.3 % vs 1961-1990 · 2025
-205 pp since 1995163rd highest of 192 · 2025
010020019401960198020002020Worldhigh 1964low 1941

How much wetter (teal) or drier (brown) a country's year was compared with its 1961-1990 average. A simple drought and deluge signal. Derived from Copernicus ERA5 precipitation via Our World in Data

Safely managed sanitation

93.4 % of population · 2024
+7.3 pp since 200029th highest of 145 · 2024
05010020002005201020152020World

The share of people whose toilet waste is safely treated rather than left to contaminate water and soil. WHO/UNICEF JMP via Our World in Data

Pollution

Air pollution (PM2.5)

48.1 µg/m³ annual mean · 2024
+8.6% since 199810th highest of 241 · 2024
020406020002005201020152020Worldhigh 2018

Average exposure to fine particles small enough to enter the bloodstream. The WHO guideline is 5 µg/m³. World Bank / van Donkelaar et al. via Our World in Data

Ozone-depleting substances

24.6 ODP tonnes/year · 2021
-85% since 199134th highest of 168 · 2021
01002001990200020102020high 1997

Consumption of chemicals that destroy the ozone layer. Watch the map fade towards zero: the Montreal Protocol is the world's most successful environmental treaty. UN Environment Programme via Our World in Data

What can one person do?

  • Fly less
    One long-haul return flight can outweigh a year of other savings. Swap one flight for a train trip or a call.
  • Eat more plants
    Shifting towards a plant-rich diet is one of the largest steady cuts a person can make, and it starts with single meals.
  • Travel without a car where you can
    Walking, cycling and public transport beat an electric car; an electric car beats petrol.
  • Use your voice
    Personal footprints matter, but system change matters more. Vote, ask your employer and bank what they are doing, and talk about it.

Based on the highest-impact personal actions identified by Wynes & Nicholas (2017) and the IPCC's AR6 report on demand-side mitigation.