San Marino

Country profile

Air pollution (PM2.5)
12.9
µg/m³ annual mean · 2024
137th of 241 countries

Land & Life

Tree cover loss

0.17 ha/year · 2024
182nd highest of 197 · 2024
00.20.40.62005201020152020high 2007

Forest area lost each year to fire, logging, farming and storms. Not all loss is permanent deforestation, but the trend matters. Global Forest Watch (Hansen/UMD) via Our World in Data

Forest area

16.7 % of land · 2025
+0.0 pp since 1995143rd highest of 212 · 2025
01020301990200020102020World

How much of a country's land is covered by forest. FAO via Our World in Data

Deaths from natural disasters

0.00 deaths/year · 2021
89th highest of 194 · 2021
-10120002005201020152020

People killed by floods, storms, droughts, heatwaves, earthquakes and other disasters each year. Single events dominate single years. IHME Global Burden of Disease via Our World in Data

Red List Index

0.84 index (1 = species safe) · 2024
-8.7% since 1994134th highest of 244 · 2024
00.5200020102020low 2022

Tracks extinction risk across all assessed species. 1 means no species at risk; falling values mean wildlife sliding towards extinction. IUCN / SDG 15.5.1 via Our World in Data

Urban population

97.2 % living in cities · 2025
+5.1 pp since 199518th highest of 236 · 2025
0501001960198020002020World

The share of people living in towns and cities. Urbanisation shapes energy use, land use and how people experience climate change. UN World Urbanization Prospects via Our World in Data

Water

Safely managed drinking water

100.0 % of population · 2024
-0.0 pp since 200013th highest of 159 · 2024
05010020002005201020152020Worldlow 2017

The share of people with safe drinking water at home, available when needed and free from contamination. WHO/UNICEF JMP via Our World in Data

Safely managed sanitation

90.2 % of population · 2024
+0.0 pp since 200037th highest of 145 · 2024
05020002005201020152020World

The share of people whose toilet waste is safely treated rather than left to contaminate water and soil. WHO/UNICEF JMP via Our World in Data

Pollution

Air pollution (PM2.5)

12.9 µg/m³ annual mean · 2024
-22% since 1998137th highest of 241 · 2024
010203020002005201020152020Worldhigh 2006low 2021

Average exposure to fine particles small enough to enter the bloodstream. The WHO guideline is 5 µg/m³. World Bank / van Donkelaar et al. via Our World in Data

Ozone-depleting substances

0.00 ODP tonnes/year · 2021
-100% since 1991142nd highest of 168 · 2021
01020301990200020102020low 2009

Consumption of chemicals that destroy the ozone layer. Watch the map fade towards zero: the Montreal Protocol is the world's most successful environmental treaty. UN Environment Programme via Our World in Data

What can one person do?

  • Fly less
    One long-haul return flight can outweigh a year of other savings. Swap one flight for a train trip or a call.
  • Eat more plants
    Shifting towards a plant-rich diet is one of the largest steady cuts a person can make, and it starts with single meals.
  • Travel without a car where you can
    Walking, cycling and public transport beat an electric car; an electric car beats petrol.
  • Use your voice
    Personal footprints matter, but system change matters more. Vote, ask your employer and bank what they are doing, and talk about it.

Based on the highest-impact personal actions identified by Wynes & Nicholas (2017) and the IPCC's AR6 report on demand-side mitigation.